高一新生如何写好英语作文
——五种题材写作模板及行文方法
高一（I）级部英语组组长 杨云飞
高一新生觉得作文很不好写或是无从下手，因为英语作文试题的一个最大特点就是时限性，即在有限的时间内按要求完成作文试题。有很多同学最后交卷时，要么没有完成作文题，要么完成质量比较差。这其中当然有很多原因，但不可忽视的一点，便是写作时间不够，来不及完成作文或来不及仔细思考怎样写一篇合乎题目要求的文章。
另一个特点就是命题作文题目要求的明确性。很多同学的作文字数不少但却下笔千言离题万里，有的漏写了题目要求中列出的需要加以描述或阐明的要点，有的将题目的开头结尾写得十分详尽但中间需要详细阐明的要点却又一笔带过，凡此种种都是同学们在作文题上失分的重要原因。因此，在开始具体的写作训练之前还是提醒同学们于动笔写作之际切记“熟读题旨，旨在重心，心知肚明，明确要求”。下面，我从作文要求的不同题材来列举一些基本实用的开头和格式语，希望可以给同学们提供一些应对英语作文的良方佳策。
一：书信
开头部分：How nice to hear from you again. Let me tell you something about the activity. I’m glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th. I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit. I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.
结尾部分：With best wishes. I’m looking forward to your reply. I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.
二：口头通知
开场白部分：Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.
正文部分：All the teachers and students are required to attend it. Please take your notebooks and make notes. Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups. Please come on time and don’t be late.
结束语部分：Please come and join in it. Everybody is welcome to attend it. I hope you’ll have a nice time here. That’s all. Thank you.
三：议论文
1.正反观点式议论文
导入：第1段 Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... （导入话题） Our opinions are divided on this topic.（观点有分歧）
正文：第2段 Most of the students are in favour of it.（正方观点）Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...（列出2~3个赞成的理由）
第3段 However, the others are strongly against it. （反方观点）Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...（列出2~3个反对的理由）
结论：第4段Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.（个人观点）
2.“A或者B”类议论文
“A或者B”类议论文万能句：（说明利弊型）
作文框架模版：说明某一事物的优缺点及自己的看法
Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.
Generally speaking, its advantages can be seen as follows. First of all ,________（A的优点之一）.Moreover,________（A的优点之二）.Besides ,________（A的优点之三）
But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ________；Through above analyses, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to________ （我的看法）．
或者（From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.
或是第二种方式
导入： 第1段 Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文：第2段 There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...（赞同A的原因）
第3段 Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... （列出1~2个B的优势）
结论：第4段 But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...（得出结论）
3.观点论述类议论文
导入：第1段 提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. （亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对）The reasons for this may be listed as follows. （过渡句，承上启下）
正文：第2段 First of all... Secondly... Besides...（列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由）
结论：第3段 In conclusion, I believe that... （照应第1段，构成"总—分—总"结构）
4."How to"类议论文
导入：第1段 提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题。
正文：第2段 Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...（列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法）。
结论：第3段 These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...（强调解决此类问题的根本方法）。
四：图表作文
The chart gives us an overall picture of the 图表主题.。
The first thing we notice is that 图表最大特点。
This means that as 进一步说明。
We can see from the statistics given that 图表细节。
图表细节一：After 动词-ing ，细节一中的第一个变化，the动词-ed+幅度+时间（紧跟着的变化）.
The figures also tell us that图表细节二。
In the column, we can see that accounts for （进一步描述）。
Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that （结论）。
The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that （给出原因）。b或是It is high time that we （发出倡议）。
五：图画类写作
1.开头：Look at this picture./The picture shows that.../From this picture, we can see.../As is shown in the picture.../As is seen in the picture...
2.衔接句：As we all know, .../As is known to all,.../It is well known that.../In my opinion,.../As far as I am concerned,.../This sight reminds me of something in my daily life。
3.结尾句：In conclusion.../In brief.../On the whole.../In short.../In a word.../Generally speaking.../As has been stated。
单从作文多样性卷首语来说，可以有下列方式：
（一）“开门见山”式开头
一般来说，文章的开头应尽量做到“开门见山”，即要用简单明了的语言引出文章的话题，使人一开始就能了解文章要说明的内容。
1. 对于叙事类的文章，可以在开头把人物、时间、事件和环境交代清楚。如“A Trip to Huangshan”的开头可以是：Last month, my family went to Huangshan by train. It took us ten hours to get there. What a long and tiring journey! We were tired but the beautiful scenery excited us.
2. 对于论述性的文章，可以在开头处先阐明自己的观点，接着展开进一步的论述。如“The Time and the Money（时间和金钱）”的开头可以是：Most people say that money is more important than time. But I don’t think so. First, when money is used up, you can earn it back， but……
（二）回忆性开头
在描述事件或游记类的文章中，采用回忆性的开头往往更能吸引人的眼球。这种类型的开头中通常含有描述自己心情或情绪的词汇，如never forget （永远无法忘记）, remember （记得），unforgettable （难以忘怀的）, exciting（令人激动的），surprising（令人惊讶的）, sad （难过的）……如“A Trip to Huangshan”的开头还以这样写：I will never forget my first trip to Huangshan. 或It was really an unforgettable experience I had.
（三）疑问性开头
在叙事类或论述性的文章中，都可采用疑问型开头，这样既可以吸引阅卷者的注意又容易抓住中心。如“Planting Trees（种树）”的开头可以是：Have you ever planted trees? Don’t you think planting trees is ……
再如“Traveling Abroad”的开头可以是：If you have an opportunity to travel abroad, why not consider Singapore？
总之，“没有规矩，不成方圆”，本着“他山之石，可以攻玉”的精神，汲取精华加以借鉴研究，同时还要着重掌握一些语言表达、文章章法、写作技巧等方面的知识，以及熟悉一些遣词造句和句子、段落之间的各种衔接手段，以期在自己日后的写作中派上用场，因为英文写作皆通一理。只有善于借鉴，勤加研究，才会借他人的优势和长处，提高自己的写作水平。